![]() "A Catalogue of the Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum (Natural History). "The higher classification of the Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea)". Volume IV Arthropoda: Insecta, Part 35: Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies Vol.1: Evolution, Systematics, and Biogeography: 263–300. (ed.): Handbook of Zoology: A Natural History of the Phyla of the Animal Kingdom. "The Butterflies: Hedyloidea, Hesperioidea and Papilionoidae". When at rest, skippers keep their wings usually angled upwards or spread out, and only rarely fold them up completely. Some have larger wings, but only rarely as large in proportion to the body as in other butterflies. Unlike, for example, the Arctiinae, though, their wings are usually small in proportion to their bodies. Skippers also have generally stockier bodies and larger compound eyes than the other two groups, with stronger wing muscles in the plump thorax, in this resembling many moths more than the other two butterfly lineages do. Nevertheless, skippers have the antennae clubs hooked backward like a crochet hook, while the typical butterflies have club-like tips to their antennae, and moth-butterflies have feathered or pectinate (comb-shaped) antennae similar to moths. Ĭollectively, these three groups of butterflies share many characteristics, especially in the egg, larval, and pupal stages. The third and rather small butterfly superfamily is the moth-butterflies (Hedyloidea), which are restricted to the Neotropics, but recent phylogenetic analyses suggest the traditional Papilionoidea are paraphyletic, thus the subfamilies should be reorganised to reflect true cladistic relationships. Traditionally, the Hesperiidae were placed in a monotypic superfamily Hesperioidea, because they are morphologically distinct from other Rhopalocera (butterflies), which mostly belong to the typical butterfly superfamily Papilionoidea. Plate from Biologia Centrali-Americana showing Pyrginae (3 at right center - black and blue-brown) and Eudaminae (the others)
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |